374 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
374 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: 四、Docker常用命令
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date: 2021-01-06
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author: ac
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tags:
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- Docker
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categories:
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- DevOps
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---
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## 常用命令小结（结果先行）：
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```shell
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1、镜像命令
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docker images：查看所有本地的主机上的镜像
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docker search :搜索镜像，跟docker hub 上搜索结果一样
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docker pull : 下载镜像
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docker rmi 镜像id：删除镜像
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2、容器命令
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docker run -it 镜像名称 /bin/bash ：通过镜像创建容器并启动容器
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docker ps 可选参数 #查看运行的容器
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docker rm 容器id ：删除指定的容器，运行中的容器删除不了，需要-f ,docker rm -f 容器id
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docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) ：删除所有的容器
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docker start 容器id # 启动容器
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docker restart 容器id # 重启容器
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docker stop 容器id # 停止当前正在运行的容器
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docker kill 容器id # 强制停止当前容器
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docker top 容器id # 查看容器中进程信息：pid：当前进程id，ppid：父进程id
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docker inspect 容器id|容器名:版本号 # 查看容器的元数据
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docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash # 进入当前正在运行的容器
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docker cp 容器id:文件路径 主机存放路径 # 从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
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3、帮助命令
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docker version # 显示docker的版本信息
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docker info # 显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
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docker 命令 --help # 帮助命令
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```
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### 查看容器的元数据
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> docker inspect 容器ID
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>
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> 在Docker中，一个很重要的概念就是`GraphDriver`，它主要用于管理和维护镜像，包括把镜像从仓库下载下来，到运行时把镜像挂载起来可以被容器访问等，都是`GraphDriver`去完成的。
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```shell
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[root@iZbp1dg7mun11n29b6ndm6Z ~]# docker inspect rabbitmq
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[
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{
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"Id": "75c688fade05cf116c219c98a3291681b31bd594bdee9e20ca4356de2be49d54",
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"Created": "2023-01-29T08:19:31.81602453Z",
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"Path": "docker-entrypoint.sh",
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"Args": [
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"rabbitmq-server"
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],
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"State": {
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"Status": "running",
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"Running": true,
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"Paused": false,
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"Restarting": false,
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"OOMKilled": false,
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"Dead": false,
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"Pid": 29543,
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"ExitCode": 0,
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"Error": "",
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"StartedAt": "2023-01-30T06:22:19.848560278Z",
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"FinishedAt": "2023-01-30T06:22:14.562177701Z"
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},
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"Image": "sha256:d445c0adc9a5596c50e5b73b8b636f79de24ad9da00671714aea768b3fa4ee9b",
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"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/75c688fade05cf116c219c98a3291681b31bd594bdee9e20ca4356de2be49d54/resolv.conf",
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"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/75c688fade05cf116c219c98a3291681b31bd594bdee9e20ca4356de2be49d54/hostname",
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"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/75c688fade05cf116c219c98a3291681b31bd594bdee9e20ca4356de2be49d54/hosts",
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"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/75c688fade05cf116c219c98a3291681b31bd594bdee9e20ca4356de2be49d54/75c688fade05cf116c219c98a3291681b31bd594bdee9e20ca4356de2be49d54-json.log",
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"Name": "/rabbitmq",
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"RestartCount": 0,
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"Driver": "overlay2",
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"Platform": "linux",
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"MountLabel": "",
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"ProcessLabel": "",
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"AppArmorProfile": "",
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"ExecIDs": null,
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"HostConfig": {
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"Binds": null,
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"ContainerIDFile": "",
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"LogConfig": {
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"Type": "json-file",
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"Config": {}
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},
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"NetworkMode": "default",
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"PortBindings": {
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"15672/tcp": [
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{
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"HostIp": "",
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"HostPort": "15672"
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}
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],
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"5672/tcp": [
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{
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"HostIp": "",
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"HostPort": "5672"
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}
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]
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},
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"RestartPolicy": {
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"Name": "always",
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"MaximumRetryCount": 0
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},
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"AutoRemove": false,
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"VolumeDriver": "",
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"VolumesFrom": null,
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"CapAdd": null,
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"CapDrop": null,
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"CgroupnsMode": "host",
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"Dns": [],
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"DnsOptions": [],
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"DnsSearch": [],
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"ExtraHosts": null,
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"GroupAdd": null,
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"IpcMode": "private",
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"Cgroup": "",
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"Links": null,
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"OomScoreAdj": 0,
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"PidMode": "",
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"Privileged": false,
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"PublishAllPorts": false,
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"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
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"SecurityOpt": null,
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"UTSMode": "",
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"UsernsMode": "",
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"ShmSize": 67108864,
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"Runtime": "runc",
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"ConsoleSize": [
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0,
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0
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],
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"Isolation": "",
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"CpuShares": 0,
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"Memory": 0,
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"NanoCpus": 0,
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"CgroupParent": "",
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"BlkioWeight": 0,
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"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
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"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
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"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
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"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
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"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
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"CpuPeriod": 0,
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"CpuQuota": 0,
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"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
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"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
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"CpusetCpus": "",
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"CpusetMems": "",
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"Devices": [],
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"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
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"DeviceRequests": null,
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"KernelMemory": 0,
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"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
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"MemoryReservation": 0,
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"MemorySwap": 0,
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"MemorySwappiness": null,
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"OomKillDisable": false,
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"PidsLimit": null,
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"Ulimits": null,
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"CpuCount": 0,
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"CpuPercent": 0,
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"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
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"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
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"MaskedPaths": [
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"/proc/asound",
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"/proc/acpi",
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"/proc/kcore",
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"/proc/keys",
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"/proc/latency_stats",
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"/proc/timer_list",
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"/proc/timer_stats",
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"/proc/sched_debug",
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"/proc/scsi",
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"/sys/firmware"
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],
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"ReadonlyPaths": [
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"/proc/bus",
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"/proc/fs",
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"/proc/irq",
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"/proc/sys",
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"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
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]
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},
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"GraphDriver": {
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"Data": {
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"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/346e18c0e8e1bc04f3be2d7c848dbedd25ddd63639ff41ce6e19c8936e711db6-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d1f57dc40a37ea144eda52008ce77c6a204315fd463503ebb44d738f9def02d6/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/94e59be20d43ea92c6db5d340e4e487aa48173f4c437ac301cf3020231ef53df/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/91ebb4d307f75386fbfa2c870770cebba9f9cec0e88c3204758386bd7231b0f9/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/26ae282efeabcfc1e1b0b487a2550d7ca1504048e58fd6a244835b9616b9b3af/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/55d42966a32b217c6b97ac2b04fe56a8b1434538c78abda79a1fe01cef7d7570/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b37a30724d2e5cda683b3646dfdaa589661da410e29331fd5d0396eb9a5aaa29/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/487d3efd72670cb9762b0d7abc407f152f5bf39a5777cf353fc325bd79acbf19/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9bbf703d2ce4a6d1d78cc443297250cca265a1a1204620eabe104358372b5e4a/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/925b67bb37abd8a6d62c5188e66f0bd28d308d10274e13ccf88bb9d1449a1fb6/diff",
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"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/346e18c0e8e1bc04f3be2d7c848dbedd25ddd63639ff41ce6e19c8936e711db6/merged",
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"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/346e18c0e8e1bc04f3be2d7c848dbedd25ddd63639ff41ce6e19c8936e711db6/diff",
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"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/346e18c0e8e1bc04f3be2d7c848dbedd25ddd63639ff41ce6e19c8936e711db6/work"
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},
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"Name": "overlay2"
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},
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"Mounts": [
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{
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"Type": "volume",
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"Name": "ad29726ea314115baebd50cab42b12676e5074dd90b48a4a87dcda7be5da7849",
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"Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/ad29726ea314115baebd50cab42b12676e5074dd90b48a4a87dcda7be5da7849/_data",
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"Destination": "/var/lib/rabbitmq",
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"Driver": "local",
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"Mode": "",
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"RW": true,
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"Propagation": ""
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}
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],
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"Config": {
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"Hostname": "rabbitmq",
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"Domainname": "",
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"User": "",
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"AttachStdin": false,
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"AttachStdout": false,
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"AttachStderr": false,
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"ExposedPorts": {
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"15672/tcp": {},
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"15691/tcp": {},
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"15692/tcp": {},
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"25672/tcp": {},
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"4369/tcp": {},
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"5671/tcp": {},
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"5672/tcp": {}
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},
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"Tty": false,
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"OpenStdin": true,
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"StdinOnce": false,
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"Env": [
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"PATH=/opt/rabbitmq/sbin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
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"OPENSSL_VERSION=1.1.1m",
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"OPENSSL_SOURCE_SHA256=f89199be8b23ca45fc7cb9f1d8d3ee67312318286ad030f5316aca6462db6c96",
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"OPENSSL_PGP_KEY_IDS=0x8657ABB260F056B1E5190839D9C4D26D0E604491 0x5B2545DAB21995F4088CEFAA36CEE4DEB00CFE33 0xED230BEC4D4F2518B9D7DF41F0DB4D21C1D35231 0xC1F33DD8CE1D4CC613AF14DA9195C48241FBF7DD 0x7953AC1FBC3DC8B3B292393ED5E9E43F7DF9EE8C 0xE5E52560DD91C556DDBDA5D02064C53641C25E5D",
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"OTP_VERSION=24.2",
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"OTP_SOURCE_SHA256=af0f1928dcd16cd5746feeca8325811865578bf1a110a443d353ea3e509e6d41",
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"RABBITMQ_DATA_DIR=/var/lib/rabbitmq",
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"RABBITMQ_VERSION=3.9.11",
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"RABBITMQ_PGP_KEY_ID=0x0A9AF2115F4687BD29803A206B73A36E6026DFCA",
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"RABBITMQ_HOME=/opt/rabbitmq",
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"RABBITMQ_LOGS=-",
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"HOME=/var/lib/rabbitmq",
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"LANG=C.UTF-8",
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"LANGUAGE=C.UTF-8",
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"LC_ALL=C.UTF-8"
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],
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"Cmd": [
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"rabbitmq-server"
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],
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"Image": "rabbitmq",
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"Volumes": {
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"/var/lib/rabbitmq": {}
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},
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"WorkingDir": "",
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"Entrypoint": [
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"docker-entrypoint.sh"
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],
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"OnBuild": null,
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"Labels": {}
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},
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"NetworkSettings": {
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"Bridge": "",
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"SandboxID": "58608bd980cd569828f65ee1dbb3d86ece25313520d0a13b4d713c2207056d2b",
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"HairpinMode": false,
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"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
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"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
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"Ports": {
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"15672/tcp": [
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{
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"HostIp": "0.0.0.0",
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"HostPort": "15672"
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},
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{
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"HostIp": "::",
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"HostPort": "15672"
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}
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],
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"15691/tcp": null,
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"15692/tcp": null,
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"25672/tcp": null,
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"4369/tcp": null,
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"5671/tcp": null,
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"5672/tcp": [
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{
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"HostIp": "0.0.0.0",
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"HostPort": "5672"
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},
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{
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"HostIp": "::",
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"HostPort": "5672"
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}
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]
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},
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"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/58608bd980cd",
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"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
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"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
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"EndpointID": "6129ccc527280178c4be39392eae262820f3dde58bb79080292ff4e4d8df2ef3",
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"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
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"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
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"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
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"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
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"IPPrefixLen": 16,
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"IPv6Gateway": "",
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"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
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"Networks": {
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"bridge": {
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"IPAMConfig": null,
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"Links": null,
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"Aliases": null,
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"NetworkID": "de078644f985fd6525e1562f58f81aa149f6e8d6fc2ed67fa648493e078e41b1",
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"EndpointID": "6129ccc527280178c4be39392eae262820f3dde58bb79080292ff4e4d8df2ef3",
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"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
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"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
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"IPPrefixLen": 16,
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"IPv6Gateway": "",
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"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
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"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
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"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
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"DriverOpts": null
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}
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}
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}
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}
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]
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```
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可以看到容器的元数据特别的多，这里我们使用`grep`命令来检索`GraphDriver(图形驱动程序)`,只展示8行主要信息
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```shell
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docker inspect rabbitmq | grep GraphDriver -A 8
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```
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```shell
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[root@iZbp1dg7mun11n29b6ndm6Z ~]# docker inspect rabbitmq | grep GraphDriver -A 8
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"GraphDriver": {
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"Data": {
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"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/346e18c0e8e1bc04f3be2d7c848dbedd25ddd63639ff41ce6e19c8936e711db6-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d1f57dc40a37ea144eda52008ce77c6a204315fd463503ebb44d738f9def02d6/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/94e59be20d43ea92c6db5d340e4e487aa48173f4c437ac301cf3020231ef53df/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/91ebb4d307f75386fbfa2c870770cebba9f9cec0e88c3204758386bd7231b0f9/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/26ae282efeabcfc1e1b0b487a2550d7ca1504048e58fd6a244835b9616b9b3af/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/55d42966a32b217c6b97ac2b04fe56a8b1434538c78abda79a1fe01cef7d7570/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b37a30724d2e5cda683b3646dfdaa589661da410e29331fd5d0396eb9a5aaa29/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/487d3efd72670cb9762b0d7abc407f152f5bf39a5777cf353fc325bd79acbf19/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9bbf703d2ce4a6d1d78cc443297250cca265a1a1204620eabe104358372b5e4a/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/925b67bb37abd8a6d62c5188e66f0bd28d308d10274e13ccf88bb9d1449a1fb6/diff",
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"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/346e18c0e8e1bc04f3be2d7c848dbedd25ddd63639ff41ce6e19c8936e711db6/merged",
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"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/346e18c0e8e1bc04f3be2d7c848dbedd25ddd63639ff41ce6e19c8936e711db6/diff",
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"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/346e18c0e8e1bc04f3be2d7c848dbedd25ddd63639ff41ce6e19c8936e711db6/work"
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},
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"Name": "overlay2"
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},
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```
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通过查看容器详情的GraphDriver.Data，我们可以知道有下面几个重要目录
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- LowerDir：image 镜像层(镜像本身，只读)
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- UpperDir：容器的上层(读写)
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- MergedDir：容器的文件系统，使用Union FS（联合文件系统）将lowerdir 和upperdir 合并给容器使用
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- WorkDir：容器在 宿主机的工作目录
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https://blog.csdn.net/qq_31762741/article/details/128818772
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/usr/local/node-14/node-v14.15.1-linux-x64/
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node: /usr/bin/node /usr/local/bin/node /usr/share/node /usr/share/man/man1/node.1.gz
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