--- title: 四、Docker常用命令 date: 2021-01-06 author: ac tags: - Docker categories: - DevOps --- ## 常用命令小结（结果先行）： ```shell 1、镜像命令 docker images：查看所有本地的主机上的镜像 docker search :搜索镜像，跟docker hub 上搜索结果一样 docker pull : 下载镜像 docker rmi 镜像id：删除镜像 2、容器命令 docker run -it 镜像名称 /bin/bash ：通过镜像创建容器并启动容器 docker ps 可选参数 #查看运行的容器 docker rm 容器id ：删除指定的容器，运行中的容器删除不了，需要-f ,docker rm -f 容器id docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) ：删除所有的容器 docker start 容器id # 启动容器 docker restart 容器id # 重启容器 docker stop 容器id # 停止当前正在运行的容器 docker kill 容器id # 强制停止当前容器 docker top 容器id # 查看容器中进程信息：pid：当前进程id，ppid：父进程id docker inspect 容器id|容器名:版本号 # 查看容器的元数据 docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash # 进入当前正在运行的容器 docker cp 容器id:文件路径 主机存放路径 # 从容器内拷贝文件到主机上 3、帮助命令 docker version # 显示docker的版本信息 docker info # 显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量 docker 命令 --help # 帮助命令 ``` ### 查看容器的元数据 > docker inspect 容器ID > > 在Docker中，一个很重要的概念就是`GraphDriver`，它主要用于管理和维护镜像，包括把镜像从仓库下载下来，到运行时把镜像挂载起来可以被容器访问等，都是`GraphDriver`去完成的。 ```shell [root@iZbp1dg7mun11n29b6ndm6Z ~]# docker inspect rabbitmq [ { "Id": "75c688fade05cf116c219c98a3291681b31bd594bdee9e20ca4356de2be49d54", "Created": "2023-01-29T08:19:31.81602453Z", "Path": "docker-entrypoint.sh", "Args": [ "rabbitmq-server" ], "State": { "Status": "running", "Running": true, "Paused": false, "Restarting": false, "OOMKilled": false, "Dead": false, "Pid": 29543, "ExitCode": 0, "Error": "", "StartedAt": "2023-01-30T06:22:19.848560278Z", "FinishedAt": "2023-01-30T06:22:14.562177701Z" }, "Image": "sha256:d445c0adc9a5596c50e5b73b8b636f79de24ad9da00671714aea768b3fa4ee9b", "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/75c688fade05cf116c219c98a3291681b31bd594bdee9e20ca4356de2be49d54/resolv.conf", "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/75c688fade05cf116c219c98a3291681b31bd594bdee9e20ca4356de2be49d54/hostname", "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/75c688fade05cf116c219c98a3291681b31bd594bdee9e20ca4356de2be49d54/hosts", "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/75c688fade05cf116c219c98a3291681b31bd594bdee9e20ca4356de2be49d54/75c688fade05cf116c219c98a3291681b31bd594bdee9e20ca4356de2be49d54-json.log", "Name": "/rabbitmq", "RestartCount": 0, "Driver": "overlay2", "Platform": "linux", "MountLabel": "", "ProcessLabel": "", "AppArmorProfile": "", "ExecIDs": null, "HostConfig": { "Binds": null, "ContainerIDFile": "", "LogConfig": { "Type": "json-file", "Config": {} }, "NetworkMode": "default", "PortBindings": { "15672/tcp": [ { "HostIp": "", "HostPort": "15672" } ], "5672/tcp": [ { "HostIp": "", "HostPort": "5672" } ] }, "RestartPolicy": { "Name": "always", "MaximumRetryCount": 0 }, "AutoRemove": false, "VolumeDriver": "", "VolumesFrom": null, "CapAdd": null, "CapDrop": null, "CgroupnsMode": "host", "Dns": [], "DnsOptions": [], "DnsSearch": [], "ExtraHosts": null, "GroupAdd": null, "IpcMode": "private", "Cgroup": "", "Links": null, "OomScoreAdj": 0, "PidMode": "", "Privileged": false, "PublishAllPorts": false, "ReadonlyRootfs": false, "SecurityOpt": null, "UTSMode": "", "UsernsMode": "", "ShmSize": 67108864, "Runtime": "runc", "ConsoleSize": [ 0, 0 ], "Isolation": "", "CpuShares": 0, "Memory": 0, "NanoCpus": 0, "CgroupParent": "", "BlkioWeight": 0, "BlkioWeightDevice": [], "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null, "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null, "CpuPeriod": 0, "CpuQuota": 0, "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0, "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0, "CpusetCpus": "", "CpusetMems": "", "Devices": [], "DeviceCgroupRules": null, "DeviceRequests": null, "KernelMemory": 0, "KernelMemoryTCP": 0, "MemoryReservation": 0, "MemorySwap": 0, "MemorySwappiness": null, "OomKillDisable": false, "PidsLimit": null, "Ulimits": null, "CpuCount": 0, "CpuPercent": 0, "IOMaximumIOps": 0, "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0, "MaskedPaths": [ "/proc/asound", "/proc/acpi", "/proc/kcore", "/proc/keys", "/proc/latency_stats", "/proc/timer_list", "/proc/timer_stats", "/proc/sched_debug", "/proc/scsi", "/sys/firmware" ], "ReadonlyPaths": [ "/proc/bus", "/proc/fs", "/proc/irq", "/proc/sys", "/proc/sysrq-trigger" ] }, "GraphDriver": { "Data": { "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/346e18c0e8e1bc04f3be2d7c848dbedd25ddd63639ff41ce6e19c8936e711db6-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d1f57dc40a37ea144eda52008ce77c6a204315fd463503ebb44d738f9def02d6/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/94e59be20d43ea92c6db5d340e4e487aa48173f4c437ac301cf3020231ef53df/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/91ebb4d307f75386fbfa2c870770cebba9f9cec0e88c3204758386bd7231b0f9/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/26ae282efeabcfc1e1b0b487a2550d7ca1504048e58fd6a244835b9616b9b3af/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/55d42966a32b217c6b97ac2b04fe56a8b1434538c78abda79a1fe01cef7d7570/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b37a30724d2e5cda683b3646dfdaa589661da410e29331fd5d0396eb9a5aaa29/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/487d3efd72670cb9762b0d7abc407f152f5bf39a5777cf353fc325bd79acbf19/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9bbf703d2ce4a6d1d78cc443297250cca265a1a1204620eabe104358372b5e4a/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/925b67bb37abd8a6d62c5188e66f0bd28d308d10274e13ccf88bb9d1449a1fb6/diff", "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/346e18c0e8e1bc04f3be2d7c848dbedd25ddd63639ff41ce6e19c8936e711db6/merged", "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/346e18c0e8e1bc04f3be2d7c848dbedd25ddd63639ff41ce6e19c8936e711db6/diff", "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/346e18c0e8e1bc04f3be2d7c848dbedd25ddd63639ff41ce6e19c8936e711db6/work" }, "Name": "overlay2" }, "Mounts": [ { "Type": "volume", "Name": "ad29726ea314115baebd50cab42b12676e5074dd90b48a4a87dcda7be5da7849", "Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/ad29726ea314115baebd50cab42b12676e5074dd90b48a4a87dcda7be5da7849/_data", "Destination": "/var/lib/rabbitmq", "Driver": "local", "Mode": "", "RW": true, "Propagation": "" } ], "Config": { "Hostname": "rabbitmq", "Domainname": "", "User": "", "AttachStdin": false, "AttachStdout": false, "AttachStderr": false, "ExposedPorts": { "15672/tcp": {}, "15691/tcp": {}, "15692/tcp": {}, "25672/tcp": {}, "4369/tcp": {}, "5671/tcp": {}, "5672/tcp": {} }, "Tty": false, "OpenStdin": true, "StdinOnce": false, "Env": [ "PATH=/opt/rabbitmq/sbin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin", "OPENSSL_VERSION=1.1.1m", "OPENSSL_SOURCE_SHA256=f89199be8b23ca45fc7cb9f1d8d3ee67312318286ad030f5316aca6462db6c96", "OPENSSL_PGP_KEY_IDS=0x8657ABB260F056B1E5190839D9C4D26D0E604491 0x5B2545DAB21995F4088CEFAA36CEE4DEB00CFE33 0xED230BEC4D4F2518B9D7DF41F0DB4D21C1D35231 0xC1F33DD8CE1D4CC613AF14DA9195C48241FBF7DD 0x7953AC1FBC3DC8B3B292393ED5E9E43F7DF9EE8C 0xE5E52560DD91C556DDBDA5D02064C53641C25E5D", "OTP_VERSION=24.2", "OTP_SOURCE_SHA256=af0f1928dcd16cd5746feeca8325811865578bf1a110a443d353ea3e509e6d41", "RABBITMQ_DATA_DIR=/var/lib/rabbitmq", "RABBITMQ_VERSION=3.9.11", "RABBITMQ_PGP_KEY_ID=0x0A9AF2115F4687BD29803A206B73A36E6026DFCA", "RABBITMQ_HOME=/opt/rabbitmq", "RABBITMQ_LOGS=-", "HOME=/var/lib/rabbitmq", "LANG=C.UTF-8", "LANGUAGE=C.UTF-8", "LC_ALL=C.UTF-8" ], "Cmd": [ "rabbitmq-server" ], "Image": "rabbitmq", "Volumes": { "/var/lib/rabbitmq": {} }, "WorkingDir": "", "Entrypoint": [ "docker-entrypoint.sh" ], "OnBuild": null, "Labels": {} }, "NetworkSettings": { "Bridge": "", "SandboxID": "58608bd980cd569828f65ee1dbb3d86ece25313520d0a13b4d713c2207056d2b", "HairpinMode": false, "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "", "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "Ports": { "15672/tcp": [ { "HostIp": "0.0.0.0", "HostPort": "15672" }, { "HostIp": "::", "HostPort": "15672" } ], "15691/tcp": null, "15692/tcp": null, "25672/tcp": null, "4369/tcp": null, "5671/tcp": null, "5672/tcp": [ { "HostIp": "0.0.0.0", "HostPort": "5672" }, { "HostIp": "::", "HostPort": "5672" } ] }, "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/58608bd980cd", "SecondaryIPAddresses": null, "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null, "EndpointID": "6129ccc527280178c4be39392eae262820f3dde58bb79080292ff4e4d8df2ef3", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02", "Networks": { "bridge": { "IPAMConfig": null, "Links": null, "Aliases": null, "NetworkID": "de078644f985fd6525e1562f58f81aa149f6e8d6fc2ed67fa648493e078e41b1", "EndpointID": "6129ccc527280178c4be39392eae262820f3dde58bb79080292ff4e4d8df2ef3", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02", "DriverOpts": null } } } } ] ``` 可以看到容器的元数据特别的多，这里我们使用`grep`命令来检索`GraphDriver(图形驱动程序)`,只展示8行主要信息 ```shell docker inspect rabbitmq | grep GraphDriver -A 8 ``` ```shell [root@iZbp1dg7mun11n29b6ndm6Z ~]# docker inspect rabbitmq | grep GraphDriver -A 8 "GraphDriver": { "Data": { "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/346e18c0e8e1bc04f3be2d7c848dbedd25ddd63639ff41ce6e19c8936e711db6-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d1f57dc40a37ea144eda52008ce77c6a204315fd463503ebb44d738f9def02d6/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/94e59be20d43ea92c6db5d340e4e487aa48173f4c437ac301cf3020231ef53df/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/91ebb4d307f75386fbfa2c870770cebba9f9cec0e88c3204758386bd7231b0f9/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/26ae282efeabcfc1e1b0b487a2550d7ca1504048e58fd6a244835b9616b9b3af/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/55d42966a32b217c6b97ac2b04fe56a8b1434538c78abda79a1fe01cef7d7570/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b37a30724d2e5cda683b3646dfdaa589661da410e29331fd5d0396eb9a5aaa29/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/487d3efd72670cb9762b0d7abc407f152f5bf39a5777cf353fc325bd79acbf19/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9bbf703d2ce4a6d1d78cc443297250cca265a1a1204620eabe104358372b5e4a/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/925b67bb37abd8a6d62c5188e66f0bd28d308d10274e13ccf88bb9d1449a1fb6/diff", "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/346e18c0e8e1bc04f3be2d7c848dbedd25ddd63639ff41ce6e19c8936e711db6/merged", "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/346e18c0e8e1bc04f3be2d7c848dbedd25ddd63639ff41ce6e19c8936e711db6/diff", "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/346e18c0e8e1bc04f3be2d7c848dbedd25ddd63639ff41ce6e19c8936e711db6/work" }, "Name": "overlay2" }, ``` 通过查看容器详情的GraphDriver.Data，我们可以知道有下面几个重要目录 - LowerDir：image 镜像层(镜像本身，只读) - UpperDir：容器的上层(读写) - MergedDir：容器的文件系统，使用Union FS（联合文件系统）将lowerdir 和upperdir 合并给容器使用 - WorkDir：容器在 宿主机的工作目录 https://blog.csdn.net/qq_31762741/article/details/128818772 /usr/local/node-14/node-v14.15.1-linux-x64/ node: /usr/bin/node /usr/local/bin/node /usr/share/node /usr/share/man/man1/node.1.gz