添加geotools

docs/article/db/qgisgrid.md

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+---
+title: Qgis制作网格
+date: 2023-11-18
+author: ac
+categries:
+ - GIS
+tags: 
+ - Qgis
+ - grid
+---
+
+### Qgis 制作网格
+
+#### 1. 数据准备
+
+https://t{s}.tianditu.gov.cn/img_c/wmts?SERVICE=WMTS&REQUEST=GetTile&VERSION=1.0.0&LAYER=vec&STYLE=default&TILEMATRIXSET=w&FORMAT=tiles&TILEMATRIX={z}&TILEROW={y}&TILECOL={x}&tk=ea3530e6803b44025cfa81500eaae01f
+————————————————
+版权声明：本文为CSDN博主「wu_223」的原创文章，遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。
+原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_34790644/article/details/86535456
+
+http://t0.tianditu.gov.cn/img_w/wmts?SERVICE=WMTS&REQUEST=GetTile&VERSION=1.0.0&LAYER=img&STYLE=default&TILEMATRIXSET=w&FORMAT=tiles&TILECOL={x}&TILEROW={y}&TILEMATRIX={z}&tk=ea3530e6803b44025cfa81500eaae01f

docs/article/gis/geotools/01startup.md

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+---
+title: GeoTools-快速起步
+date: 2023-11-19
+author: ac
+categries:
+ - GIS
+tags:
+ - GeoTools
+---
+
+
+
+### GeoTools-快速起步
+
+#### 1.maven构建
+
+```shell
+ mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=org.geotools -DartifactId=tutorial -Dversion=1.0-SNAPSHOT -DarchetypeGroupId=org.apache.maven.archetypes -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart
+```
+
+> archetype的意思就是模板原型的意思，原型是一个Maven项目模板工具包。
+
+![image-20231120113304413](./images/image-20231120113304413.png)
+
+
+
+#### 2. 添加依赖
+
+```xml
+<properties>
+    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
+    <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
+    <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
+	<!-- 指定geotools的版本号-->
+    <geotools.version>31-SNAPSHOT</geotools.version>
+    <maven.deploy.skip>true</maven.deploy.skip>
+</properties>
+
+<!-- 添加仓库地址-->
+<repositories>
+    <repository>
+        <id>osgeo</id>
+        <name>OSGeo Release Repository</name>
+        <url>https://repo.osgeo.org/repository/release/</url>
+        <snapshots><enabled>false</enabled></snapshots>
+        <releases><enabled>true</enabled></releases>
+    </repository>
+    <repository>
+        <id>osgeo-snapshot</id>
+        <name>OSGeo Snapshot Repository</name>
+        <url>https://repo.osgeo.org/repository/snapshot/</url>
+        <snapshots><enabled>true</enabled></snapshots>
+        <releases><enabled>false</enabled></releases>
+    </repository>
+</repositories>
+<dependencies>
+    <dependency>
+        <groupId>junit</groupId>
+        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
+        <version>4.13.2</version>
+        <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+        <groupId>org.geotools</groupId>
+        <artifactId>gt-shapefile</artifactId>
+        <version>${geotools.version}</version>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+        <groupId>org.geotools</groupId>
+        <artifactId>gt-swing</artifactId>
+        <version>${geotools.version}</version>
+    </dependency>
+</dependencies>
+```
+
+
+
+#### 3. 主程序
+
+```java
+import java.io.File;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+import org.geotools.api.data.FileDataStore;
+import org.geotools.api.data.FileDataStoreFinder;
+import org.geotools.api.data.SimpleFeatureSource;
+import org.geotools.map.FeatureLayer;
+import org.geotools.map.Layer;
+import org.geotools.map.MapContent;
+import org.geotools.styling.SLD;
+import org.geotools.api.style.Style;
+import org.geotools.swing.JMapFrame;
+import org.geotools.swing.data.JFileDataStoreChooser;
+
+/**
+ * Prompts the user for a shapefile and displays the contents on the screen in a map frame.
+ *
+ * <p>This is the GeoTools Quickstart application used in documentationa and tutorials. *
+ */
+public class Quickstart {
+    /**
+     * GeoTools Quickstart demo application. 
+     * Prompts the user for a shapefile and displays its
+     * contents on the screen in a map frame
+     */
+    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+       
+        File file = JFileDataStoreChooser.showOpenFile("shp", null);
+        if (file == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        FileDataStore store = FileDataStoreFinder.getDataStore(file);
+        SimpleFeatureSource featureSource = store.getFeatureSource();
+
+        // Create a map content and add our shapefile to it
+        MapContent map = new MapContent();
+        map.setTitle("Quickstart");
+
+        Style style = SLD.createSimpleStyle(featureSource.getSchema());
+        Layer layer = new FeatureLayer(featureSource, style);
+        map.addLayer(layer);
+
+        // Now display the map
+        JMapFrame.showMap(map);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+选择一份`shp`文件，程序会读取该文件添加到mapContent面板中。
+
+<img src="./images/image-20231120142008338.png" alt="image-20231120142008338" style="zoom: 80%;" />
+
+注意：shp文件没有被加载到内存中，而是每次需要时都从磁盘读取它。这种方式允许您处理大于内存的数据集。
+
+
+
+#### 4. advance
+
+为了更好的交互体验，我们可以通过`DataStoreFinder`获取数据源时添加额外的参数，如设置缓存、创建空间索引等方法来优化。
+
+```java
+File file = JFileDataStoreChooser.showOpenFile("shp", null);
+
+Map<String, Object> params = new HashMap<>();
+params.put("url", file.toURI().toURL());
+params.put("create spatial index", true);
+params.put("memory mapped buffer", true);
+params.put("charset", "UTF-8");
+
+DataStore store = DataStoreFinder.getDataStore(params);
+SimpleFeatureSource featureSource = store.getFeatureSource(store.getTypeNames()[0]);
+```
+

docs/article/gis/geotools/02feature.md

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+---
+title: GeoTools-创建要素Feature
+date: 2023-11-19
+author: ac
+categries:
+ - GIS
+tags:
+ - GeoTools
+---
+
+### GeoTools-创建要素
+
+> csv2shp，通过csv转点shp文件，学习：
+>
+> 1. 如何创建`FeatureType`、`FeatureCollection`和`Features`；
+> 2. 通过`GeometryFactory`构建`Points`点集；
+> 3. 输出shp文件；
+> 4. 设置投影。
+
+#### 1.数据准备
+
+下载一份[csv文件](https://docs.geotools.org/latest/userguide/_downloads/d4bcf8751cc3f33a9fb673902a960e53/locations.csv) ，内容格式如下：
+
+```text
+LAT, LON, CITY, NUMBER
+46.066667, 11.116667, Trento, 140
+44.9441, -93.0852, St Paul, 125
+13.752222, 100.493889, Bangkok, 150
+45.420833, -75.69, Ottawa, 200
+44.9801, -93.251867, Minneapolis, 350
+46.519833, 6.6335, Lausanne, 560
+48.428611, -123.365556, Victoria, 721
+-33.925278, 18.423889, Cape Town, 550
+-33.859972, 151.211111, Sydney, 436
+41.383333, 2.183333, Barcelona, 914
+39.739167, -104.984722, Denver, 869
+52.95, -1.133333, Nottingham, 800
+45.52, -122.681944, Portland, 840
+37.5667,129.681944,Seoul,473
+50.733992,7.099814,Bonn,700,2016
+```
+
+
+
+#### 2.添加依赖
+
+```xml
+<dependencies>
+    <dependency>
+        <groupId>org.geotools</groupId>
+        <artifactId>gt-shapefile</artifactId>
+        <version>${geotools.version}</version>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+        <groupId>org.geotools</groupId>
+        <artifactId>gt-epsg-hsql</artifactId>
+        <version>${geotools.version}</version>
+    </dependency>
+</dependencies>
+<repositories>
+    <repository>
+        <id>osgeo</id>
+        <name>OSGeo Release Repository</name>
+        <url>https://repo.osgeo.org/repository/release/</url>
+        <snapshots><enabled>false</enabled></snapshots>
+        <releases><enabled>true</enabled></releases>
+    </repository>
+    <repository>
+        <id>osgeo-snapshot</id>
+        <name>OSGeo Snapshot Repository</name>
+        <url>https://repo.osgeo.org/repository/snapshot/</url>
+        <snapshots><enabled>true</enabled></snapshots>
+        <releases><enabled>false</enabled></releases>
+    </repository>
+</repositories>
+```
+
+
+
+#### 3. 示例
+
+```java
+package learning;
+
+import org.geotools.api.feature.simple.SimpleFeature;
+import org.geotools.api.feature.simple.SimpleFeatureType;
+import org.geotools.data.DataUtilities;
+import org.geotools.data.shapefile.ShapefileDataStore;
+import org.geotools.data.shapefile.ShapefileDataStoreFactory;
+import org.geotools.feature.simple.SimpleFeatureBuilder;
+import org.geotools.geometry.jts.JTSFactoryFinder;
+import org.geotools.swing.data.JFileDataStoreChooser;
+import org.locationtech.jts.geom.Coordinate;
+import org.locationtech.jts.geom.GeometryFactory;
+import org.locationtech.jts.geom.Point;
+
+import javax.swing.*;
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileReader;
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * @author ac
+ * @date 2023/11/20 15:44
+ */
+public class Csv2Shape {
+    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+        // Set cross-platform look & feel for compatability
+        UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getCrossPlatformLookAndFeelClassName());
+
+        File file = JFileDataStoreChooser.showOpenFile("csv", null);
+        if (file == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * We use the DataUtilities class to create a FeatureType that will describe the data in our
+         * shapefile.
+         *
+         * See also the createFeatureType method below for another, more flexible approach.
+         *
+         * 通过 DataUtilities 创建 FeatureType ，类似定义shp文件的名称、几何类型、属性字段、空间参考等信息。
+         */
+        final SimpleFeatureType TYPE =
+                DataUtilities.createType(
+                        "Location",
+                        "the_geom:Point:srid=4326,"
+                                + // <- the geometry attribute: Point type
+                                "name:String,"
+                                + // <- a String attribute
+                                "number:Integer" // a number attribute
+                );
+        System.out.println("TYPE:" + TYPE);
+
+        /*
+         * A list to collect features as we create them.
+         */
+        List<SimpleFeature> features = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        /*
+         * GeometryFactory will be used to create the geometry attribute of each feature,
+         * using a Point object for the location.
+         * 创建几何工厂实例，要素构建者实例
+         * 通过缓冲流一行行读取，解析数据，构建Point实例
+         */
+        GeometryFactory geometryFactory = JTSFactoryFinder.getGeometryFactory();
+        SimpleFeatureBuilder featureBuilder = new SimpleFeatureBuilder(TYPE);
+
+        try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file))) {
+            /* First line of the data file is the header */
+            String line = reader.readLine();
+            System.out.println("Header: " + line);
+
+            for (line = reader.readLine(); line != null; line = reader.readLine()) {
+                if (line.trim().length() > 0) { // skip blank lines
+                    String[] tokens = line.split("\\,");
+
+                    double latitude = Double.parseDouble(tokens[0]);
+                    double longitude = Double.parseDouble(tokens[1]);
+                    String name = tokens[2].trim();
+                    int number = Integer.parseInt(tokens[3].trim());
+
+                    /* Longitude (= x coord) first ! */
+                    // 创建几何实例geometry - point
+                    Point point = geometryFactory.createPoint(new Coordinate(longitude, latitude));
+
+                    // 创建要素实例feature
+                    //        feature
+                    //        ↙    ↘
+                    // geometry   properties
+
+                    featureBuilder.add(point);
+                    featureBuilder.add(name);
+                    featureBuilder.add(number);
+                    SimpleFeature feature = featureBuilder.buildFeature(null);
+                    features.add(feature);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * Get an output file name and create the new shapefile
+         *
+         * 设置输出路径
+         */
+        File newFile = getNewShapeFile(file);
+
+        // 创建数据存储工厂实例
+        ShapefileDataStoreFactory dataStoreFactory = new ShapefileDataStoreFactory();
+
+        Map<String, Serializable> params = new HashMap<>();
+        params.put("url", newFile.toURI().toURL());
+        params.put("create spatial index", Boolean.TRUE);
+
+        // 创建新的数据存储，会输出shp文件
+        ShapefileDataStore newDataStore = (ShapefileDataStore) dataStoreFactory.createNewDataStore(params);
+
+        /*
+         * TYPE is used as a template to describe the file contents
+         * 添加类型描述
+         */
+        newDataStore.createSchema(TYPE);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Prompt the user for the name and path to use for the output shapefile
+     * 弹窗让用户选择新生成的shp文件的保存位置
+     *
+     * @param csvFile the input csv file used to create a default shapefile name
+     * @return name and path for the shapefile as a new File object
+     */
+    private static File getNewShapeFile(File csvFile) {
+        String path = csvFile.getAbsolutePath();
+        String newPath = path.substring(0, path.length() - 4) + ".shp";
+
+        JFileDataStoreChooser chooser = new JFileDataStoreChooser("shp");
+        chooser.setDialogTitle("Save shapefile");
+        chooser.setSelectedFile(new File(newPath));
+
+        int returnVal = chooser.showSaveDialog(null);
+
+        if (returnVal != JFileDataStoreChooser.APPROVE_OPTION) {
+            // the user cancelled the dialog
+            System.exit(0);
+        }
+
+        File newFile = chooser.getSelectedFile();
+        if (newFile.equals(csvFile)) {
+            System.out.println("Error: cannot replace " + csvFile);
+            System.exit(0);
+        }
+
+        return newFile;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+#### 参考文章
+
+[1] Feature Tutorial https://docs.geotools.org/latest/userguide/tutorial/feature/csv2shp.html

docs/article/gis/geotools/03Architecture.md

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+---
+title: GeoTools-简介
+date: 2023-11-28
+author: ac
+categries:
+ - GIS
+tags:
+ - GeoTools
+---
+
+### GeoTools-简介
+
+### 1.简介
+
+GeoTools是一个开源(LGPL) Java代码库，它为地理空间数据的操作提供了符合标准的方法，例如实现地理信息系统。GeoTools库数据结构基于开放地理空间联盟(OGC)规范。
+
+了解GeoTools库是如何构建的，这有助于您找出需要在应用程序中包含哪些jar。
+
+### 2. GeoTools 库
+
+![image-20231128145948967](./images/image-20231128145948967.png)
+
+GeoTools库形成了一个软件“堆栈”，每个模块都建立在前一个定义的模块之上。
+
+“堆栈”的每一层都是建立在下一层之上的，例如：
+
+- 如果要使用`Referencing` ，你需要先使用`gt-api`,`gt-metadata`,`gt-references`，为了确保`EPSG`codes的正确，还需要使用一个插件`gt-epsg-hsql`来定义EPSG。
+- 如果要使用`Coverage`，需要使用`gt-api`,`gt-metadata`,`gt-referencing(包含gt-epsg-hsql)`,`gt-main`和`gt-coverage`。为了充分利用Coverage模块，我们使用了一个插件，比如`gt-geotiff`来访问`GeoTIFF`文件。
+
+`Maven`工具能够计算项目中需要的`jar`.
+
+下面是各个模块的作用：
+
+| Module           | Purpose                                                      |
+| :--------------- | :----------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `gt-render`      | Map API, with Java2D rendering engine for mapping.           |
+| `gt-jdbc`        | Implements for accessing spatial database                    |
+| `gt-xml`         | Implements of common spatial XML formats                     |
+| `gt-cql`         | Implements of Common Query Language for filters              |
+| `gt-coverage`    | Implementation for accessing raster information              |
+| `gt-main`        | Data API, with default implementations of filter, feature, etc… |
+| `gt-referencing` | Implementation of co-ordinate location and transformation    |
+| `gt-metadata`    | Implementation of identification and description             |
+| `gt-api`         | Definition of interfaces for common spatial concepts         |
+| `jts`            | JTS Topology Suite (external library) implementing Geometry  |
+
+### 3. GeoTools 插件
+
+GeoTools提供插件来支持额外的数据格式和不同的坐标参考系统等功能。
+
+| Module           | JAR                 | Plugin                           |
+| :--------------- | :------------------ | :------------------------------- |
+| `gt-render`      |                     |                                  |
+| `gt-jdbc`        | `gt-jdbc-db2`       | Geometry in DB2                  |
+|                  | `gt-jdbc-h2`        | Pure Java “H2” database          |
+|                  | `gt-jdbc-mysql`     | Geometry in MySQL                |
+|                  | `gt-jdbc-oracle`    | Oracle SDO Geometry              |
+|                  | `gt-jdbc-postgis`   | PostgreSQL extension PostGIS     |
+|                  | `gt-jdbc-sqlserver` | SQL Server                       |
+|                  | `gt-jdbc-hana`      | SAP HANA                         |
+| `gt-xml`         |                     |                                  |
+| `gt-cql`         |                     |                                  |
+| `gt-main`        | `gt-shape`          | Shapefile read/write support     |
+|                  | `gt-wfs`            | WFS read/write support           |
+| `gt-coverage`    | `gt-geotiff`        | GeoTIFF raster format            |
+|                  | `gt-arcgrid`        | arcgrid format                   |
+|                  | `gt-mif`            | MIF format                       |
+|                  | `gt-image`          | JPG, PNG, TIFF formats           |
+| `gt-referencing` | `epsg-access` .     | Official EPSG database in Access |
+|                  | `epsg-hsql`         | Pure Java port of EPSG database  |
+|                  | `epsg-wkt`          | Lightweight copy of EPSG codes   |
+|                  | `epsg-postgresql`   | PostgreSQL port of EPSG database |
+| `gt-metadata`    |                     |                                  |
+| `gt-api`         |                     |                                  |
+| `jts`            |                     |                                  |
+
+通常，每个层至少需要一个插件才能让GeoTools做一些事情。
+
+
+
+### 4.GeoTools 扩展
+
+更进一步，在GeoTools库的基础上实现了一些有趣的“扩展”。这些扩展提供了使用核心库的全部功能构建在GeoTools之上的额外功能。
+
+![image-20231128165232067](./images/image-20231128165232067.png)
+
+这些扩展相互独立，可能在您的应用程序中使用:
+
+| JAR             | Extension                                            |
+| :-------------- | :--------------------------------------------------- |
+| `gt-app-schema` | Map from application schema to complex feature model |
+| `gt-brewer`     | Generation of styles using color brewer              |
+| `gt-complex`    | Support for making custom complex feature model      |
+| `gt-graph`      | Work with graph and network traversals               |
+| `gt-grid`       | Dynamicly generate features from grid definiton      |
+| `gt-transform`  | Transform features on the fly                        |
+| `gt-wms`        | Web Map Server client                                |
+| `gt-wmts`       | Web Map Tile Server client                           |
+| `gt-xsd`        | Parsing/Encoding for common OGC schemas              |
+
+### 5.XML
+
+为了支持GeoTools中的XML模块，我们以JAR形式捆绑了几个XML模式(以避免每次需要时都需要从Internet下载它们)。此外，这些jar包含一个由Eclipse Modeling Framework生成的Java数据结构。
+
+| JAR               | Schema                        |
+| :---------------- | :---------------------------- |
+| `net.opengis.ows` | open web services schema      |
+| `net.opengis.wfs` | web feature service           |
+| `net.opengis.wps` | web processing service schema |
+| `net.opengis.wcs` | web coverage service schema   |
+| `net.opengis.wfs` | web feature service schema    |
+| `org.w3.xlink`    | XLink schema                  |
+
+XSD解析器通过一系列XSD插件使用这些工具。这些插件指示如何使用Eclipse XSD库解析和编码附加内容，以解析XML模式文档，并提供“绑定”，显示如何解析和编码Java类，如String、Date、URL和Geometry。
+
+| JAR             | Bindings                          |
+| :-------------- | :-------------------------------- |
+| `gt-xsd-core`   | Basic types defined by XML schema |
+| `gt-xsd-fes`    | filter 2.0                        |
+| `gt-xsd-filter` | filter (used by OGC CAT and WFS)  |
+| `gt-xsd-kml`    | keyhole markup language           |
+| `gt-xsd-wfs`    | web feature service               |
+| `gt-xsd-wps`    | web processing service            |
+| `gt-xsd-gml3`   | geographic markup language 3      |
+| `gt-xsd-gml2`   | geographic markup language 2      |
+| `gt-xsd-ows`    | open web services                 |
+| `gt-xsd-wcs`    | web coverage service              |
+| `gt-xsd-wms`    | web map service                   |
+| `gt-xsd-sld`    | style layer descriptor            |
+
+#### 参考文章
+
+[1] architecture https://docs.geotools.org/latest/userguide/welcome/architecture.html