150 lines
8.0 KiB
Markdown
150 lines
8.0 KiB
Markdown
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---
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title: GeoTools-简介
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date: 2023-11-28
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author: ac
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categries:
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- GIS
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tags:
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- GeoTools
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---
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### GeoTools-简介
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### 1.简介
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GeoTools是一个开源(LGPL) Java代码库，它为地理空间数据的操作提供了符合标准的方法，例如实现地理信息系统。GeoTools库数据结构基于开放地理空间联盟(OGC)规范。
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### 2. GeoTools 库
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> 了解GeoTools库是如何构建的，这有助于您找出需要在应用程序中包含哪些jar。
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GeoTools库形成了一个软件“堆栈”，每个模块都建立在前一个定义的模块之上。
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“堆栈”的每一层都是建立在下一层之上的，例如：
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- 如果要使用`Referencing` ，你需要先使用`gt-api`,`gt-metadata`,`gt-references`，为了确保`EPSG`codes的正确，还需要使用一个插件`gt-epsg-hsql`来定义EPSG。
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- 如果要使用`Coverage`，需要使用`gt-api`,`gt-metadata`,`gt-referencing(包含gt-epsg-hsql)`,`gt-main`和`gt-coverage`。为了充分利用Coverage模块，我们使用了一个插件，比如`gt-geotiff`来访问`GeoTIFF`文件。
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`Maven`工具能够计算项目中需要的`jar`.
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下面是各个模块的作用：
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| Module | Purpose |
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|:---------------- |:--------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| `gt-render` | Map API, with Java2D rendering engine for mapping. |
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| `gt-jdbc` | Implements for accessing spatial database |
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| `gt-xml` | Implements of common spatial XML formats |
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| `gt-cql` | Implements of Common Query Language for filters |
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| `gt-coverage` | Implementation for accessing raster information |
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| `gt-main` | Data API, with default implementations of filter, feature, etc… |
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| `gt-referencing` | Implementation of coordinate location and transformation |
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| `gt-metadata` | Implementation of identification and description |
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| `gt-api` | Definition of interfaces for common spatial concepts |
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| `jts` | JTS Topology Suite (external library) implementing Geometry |
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### 3. GeoTools 插件
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GeoTools提供插件来支持额外的数据格式和不同的坐标参考系统等功能。
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| Module | JAR | Plugin |
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|:---------------- |:------------------- |:-------------------------------- |
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| `gt-render` | | |
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| `gt-jdbc` | `gt-jdbc-db2` | Geometry in DB2 |
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| | `gt-jdbc-h2` | Pure Java “H2” database |
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| | `gt-jdbc-mysql` | Geometry in MySQL |
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| | `gt-jdbc-oracle` | Oracle SDO Geometry |
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| | `gt-jdbc-postgis` | PostgreSQL extension PostGIS |
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| | `gt-jdbc-sqlserver` | SQL Server |
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| | `gt-jdbc-hana` | SAP HANA |
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| `gt-xml` | | |
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| `gt-cql` | | |
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| `gt-main` | `gt-shape` | Shapefile read/write support |
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| | `gt-wfs` | WFS read/write support |
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| `gt-coverage` | `gt-geotiff` | GeoTIFF raster format |
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| | `gt-arcgrid` | arcgrid format |
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| | `gt-mif` | MIF format |
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| | `gt-image` | JPG, PNG, TIFF formats |
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| `gt-referencing` | `epsg-access` . | Official EPSG database in Access |
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| | `epsg-hsql` | Pure Java port of EPSG database |
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| | `epsg-wkt` | Lightweight copy of EPSG codes |
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| | `epsg-postgresql` | PostgreSQL port of EPSG database |
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| `gt-metadata` | | |
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| `gt-api` | | |
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| `jts` | | |
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通常，每个层至少需要一个插件才能让GeoTools做一些事情。
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### 4.GeoTools 扩展
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更进一步，在GeoTools库的基础上实现了一些有趣的“扩展”。这些扩展提供了使用核心库的全部功能构建在GeoTools之上的额外功能。
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这些扩展相互独立，可能在您的应用程序中使用:
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| JAR | Extension |
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|:--------------- |:---------------------------------------------------- |
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| `gt-app-schema` | Map from application schema to complex feature model |
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| `gt-brewer` | Generation of styles using color brewer |
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| `gt-complex` | Support for making custom complex feature model |
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| `gt-graph` | Work with graph and network traversals |
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| `gt-grid` | Dynamicly generate features from grid definiton |
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| `gt-transform` | Transform features on the fly |
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| `gt-wms` | Web Map Server client |
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| `gt-wmts` | Web Map Tile Server client |
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| `gt-xsd` | Parsing/Encoding for common OGC schemas |
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### 5.XML
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> 用途：解析和输出sld文件，wfs事务操作
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为了支持GeoTools中的XML模块，我们以JAR形式捆绑了几个XML模式(以避免每次需要时都需要从Internet下载它们)。此外，这些jar包含一个由Eclipse Modeling Framework生成的Java数据结构。
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| JAR | Schema |
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|:----------------- |:----------------------------- |
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| `net.opengis.ows` | open web services schema |
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| `net.opengis.wfs` | web feature service |
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| `net.opengis.wps` | web processing service schema |
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| `net.opengis.wcs` | web coverage service schema |
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| `net.opengis.wfs` | web feature service schema |
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| `org.w3.xlink` | XLink schema |
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XSD解析器通过一系列XSD插件使用这些工具。这些插件指示如何使用Eclipse XSD库解析和编码附加内容，以解析XML模式文档，并提供“绑定”，显示如何解析和编码Java类，如String、Date、URL和Geometry。
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| JAR | Bindings |
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|:--------------- |:--------------------------------- |
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| `gt-xsd-core` | Basic types defined by XML schema |
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| `gt-xsd-fes` | filter 2.0 |
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| `gt-xsd-filter` | filter (used by OGC CAT and WFS) |
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| `gt-xsd-kml` | keyhole markup language |
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| `gt-xsd-wfs` | web feature service |
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| `gt-xsd-wps` | web processing service |
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| `gt-xsd-gml3` | geographic markup language 3 |
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| `gt-xsd-gml2` | geographic markup language 2 |
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| `gt-xsd-ows` | open web services |
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| `gt-xsd-wcs` | web coverage service |
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| `gt-xsd-wms` | web map service |
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| `gt-xsd-sld` | style layer descriptor |
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### 6. 不支持的部分
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还有一些“不支持”的插件和扩展。这些模块不是由项目管理委员会作为GeoTools下载的一部分分发的，但是它们可以通过maven或个人下载获得。
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| Unsupported | Purpose |
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| ------------ | ----------------------------------------- |
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| `gt-swt` | Standard widget toolkit interactive map |
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| `gt-swing` | Swing interactive map |
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| `gt-oracle` | retired oracle support |
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| `gt-postgis` | retired PostGIS support，`gt-jdbc-postgis` |
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| `gt-db2` | retired db2 support |
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| `gt-wps` | Web Processing Service client |
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| `gt-process` | Job system for spatial data |
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### 参考文章
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[1] architecture https://docs.geotools.org/latest/userguide/welcome/architecture.html
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